Author: Trish Page 1 of 2

11 DIY Patio Upgrade Ideas

Upgrading your patio includes installing furniture and other features

Need ideas and help deciding how to upgrade your patio? Knowing which DIY projects can help increase your patio’s appeal and comfort will make your patio an irresistible destination.

domestic-construction.com gathered the following information and tips on several easy and inexpensive DIY patio upgrade ideas.

1. Install a Garden

Upgrading your patio includes installing a container garden

Well-placed, blooming mixed planters and pots add ambiance and style to your patio. Flowers, herbs, and plants will help make the space feel homier, smell delightful, and attract hummingbirds and butterflies.

Take your gardening skills to the patio with custom containers, boxes, and raised beds. Hanging plants like fern, verbena, and begonia are particularly beautiful when in bloom and overflowing from their containers.

Note: Container gardening can be a solution for those who can’t have a traditional garden planted in the ground. It provides:

  • A flexible planting site.
  • Freedom from poor soil.
  • The ability to move plants around with the seasons.

Tip: Some plants, like citronella grass, marigolds, basil, and rosemary, are known to efficiently repel mosquitoes.

2. Upgrade Patio Shade

Upgrading your patio includes covering it for shade

Build a pergola, hang your plants from it, and place your patio furniture underneath it to get relief from the sun. A fabric pergola cover can provide extra protection for those overly sensitive to sunlight. A less expensive solution is to seek shade under a patio umbrella, patio awning, or an easily installed shade sail.

Tip: A long-term solution is to plant a tree near the patio to provide natural shade as it matures.

3. Install Patio Lighting

Upgrading your patio includes installing string lights

Add atmosphere to your patio with custom LED, strip, string, or hanging lighting. Add landscape lighting to trees, sidewalks, steps, or your pool to enhance your patio experience.

Tip: Hire an electrician to professionally run electrical wiring where needed for your lighting installations.

4. Install Storage Space

Upgrading your patio includes installing a storage shed

Storage is crucial for entertaining supplies, accessories, equipment, and tools for yard maintenance. People tend to purchase accessories and equipment that take up more storage space than is typically available, making a supplemental storage unit highly useful.

5. Plant a Privacy Screen

Upgrading your patio includes planting a privacy screen

You should plant privacy trees far enough apart so that they can reach maturity without overgrowing each other. Spacing your trees is determined by the trees’ mature crown width, and this spacing also prevents crowding your trees’ root systems. You can achieve this by measuring your trees’ centers 24 inches to 36 inches apart when planting (depending on the species). Popular tree species for privacy screens include:

  • Arborvitae (Thuja occidentalis)
  • Giant Arborvitae (Thuja plicata)
  • Leyland cypress (Cupressus)
  • American Holly (Ilex opaca)
  • Hollywood Juniper (Juniperus chinensis)
  • Japanese Cedar (Cryptomeria japonica)

Tip: Mulching around your trees is a must. Use the same mulch type and color throughout your landscape to create a unified aesthetic.

6. Upgrade Patio Furniture

Upgrading your patio includes updating its furniture

Make your patio a space where you want to relax on comfortable and stylish patio furniture. Make sure there’s enough seating for everyone, and add outdoor pillows for enhanced comfort.

7. Install Wireless Speakers

Upgrading your patio includes installing wireless or bluetooth speakers

Whether you want to listen to some smooth jazz, the game, catch up on a podcast, or get the day’s breaking news, wireless speakers can bring your favorite soundscape to your patio without tripping over any wires. Many wireless speakers work with Bluetooth and can be synched with most mobile devices for the ultimate patio convenience.

8. Install a Fire Pit

Upgrading your patio includes installing a fire pit

A fire pit is a classic patio upgrade. It extends the useful life of the patio during cooler weather. It is perfect for gathering loved ones around a cozy evening setting. Building a fire pit yourself is a highly satisfying and fun project.

9. Install a Wood-Fired Pizza Oven

Upgrading your patio includes installing a pizza oven

An outdoor pizza oven brings freshly cooked cuisine to the patio without leaving grease and smoke stains on your kitchen walls. A wood-fired pizza oven looks great on or near a patio and pairs well with a grill to handle your most delicious and smokiest meal preparations.

10. Install a Gas Grill

Upgrading your patio includes installing a gas grill

Stop worrying about running out of charcoal or propane. Run a natural gas line to your outdoor grill and solve your grilling needs. An outdoor gas line allows you to grill “on demand” and eliminates any low-fuel worries.

Tip: Hire a licensed professional gas fitter, pipe fitter, or natural gas plumber to run the gas line.

11. Install and Stock an Outdoor Bar

Upgrading your patio includes installing a wet bar

Extend your living space without overspending your budget. Consider installing an outdoor television to take your game-watching outdoors, and add a built-in mini refrigerator or cooler for the perfect outdoor bar.

Bonus: Install a Water Feature

Upgrading your patio includes installing a water feature like a koi pond

Whether you want a fountain, waterfall, birdbath, or koi pond, installing a water feature requires a water source, an electric (or battery-operated) pump, some waterproofing, and a water collection/reclaiming and filtering system. You can hire a professional but installation is often easier than expected.

Tip: A plumber and/or electrician may be required for more elaborate water feature installations.

Will Upgrading My Patio Increase My Home’s Value?

Yes. Adding a covered patio or upgrading an existing one adds value to your home. However, like any upgrade, it’s crucial to remember that high-end, extravagant upgrades won’t increase the home’s value any more than economical, more useful upgrades.

Note: A well-executed patio upgrade can increase a home’s value by 8 to 10%.

Patio Upgrades

In this article, you discovered easy and affordable ways to upgrade your patio, increasing its appeal, practicality, and comfort.

Upgrading your patio will help you, your loved ones, and guests spend more time in touch with the outdoors without the challenges of extreme temperatures or a lack of activities.

Failing to enhance your patio can not only make your time outdoors uncomfortable, but hurt your resale value and aesthetic potential.

Sources:
extension.psu.edu/using-trees-and-shrubs-for-privacy-and-wind-screening
fcs-hes.ca.uky.edu/sites/fcs-hes.ca.uky.edu/files/hf-lra-007.pdf
mgsantaclara.ucanr.edu/garden-help/container-gardening/
extension.psu.edu/using-trees-and-shrubs-for-privacy-and-wind-screening

11 Handy Home Maintenance Tips

Regular home maintenance includes making repairs and resealing joints

Don’t miss and regret not handling preventative home maintenance repairs that can cost you substantially later if overlooked. Knowing how and when to perform regular maintenance around your home will help you protect your investments and prevent unneccesary efforts that can be avoided.

domestic-construction.com gathered the following information and tips about regular home maintenance tips that can help you extend the lifespan of your home’s appliances, plumbing, and structure.

Home Maintenance Tasks

All homes require internal and external maintenance, including regular cleanings and inspections to ensure everything is safe and in top condition. Seasonal maintenance follows weather changes and usage needs, like raking leaves, mowing the lawn, power washing drive and walkways, and closing the pool. Appliances and utilities should be inspected and repaired when needed throughout your home’s life. Consider the following maintenance tips to help you keep your home in its best condition:

#1 – Caulk Your Windows and Doors

The caulking around your windows and doors fills gaps where conditioned or heated air escapes. Keeping your caulking fresh and functional can help you significantly reduce heating and cooling expenses by preventing air leaks.

How Often?: Caulking or sealants can last 1 to 5 years (depending on product quality and application) before requiring replacement. Check them annually.

#2 – Check Your Weather Stripping

Regular home maintenance includes checking door and window weather stripping

Ensuring adequate weather stripping around windows and doors is just as crucial as maintaining the caulk to reduce utility bills. 

How Often?: It is best to thoroughly inspect the stripping once a year.

Note: The best and fastest way to check on your weather stripping is to hold a lighter or a lit candle an inch from the stripping with the door or window closed. If the flame flickers or extinguishes, there is airflow, and it is likely time to replace your weather stripping.

#3 – Check Your A/C or HVAC Filters

Your HVAC filters are crucial in helping your heating and cooling systems function at peak performance by preventing dust and debris from getting in and damaging their components. Clean filters also significantly improve a home’s air quality, and you should change them regularly (when needed).

How Often?: Check your A/C or HVAC filters monthly and replace them when they are dirty.

#4 – Install a Programmable/Smart Thermostat

Regular home maintenance includes installing and checking an updated thermostat

Heating and cooling your home only when you are there will significantly reduce your utility bills while extending your equipment’s lifespan. A programmable or smart thermostat will help you better control when your A/C or HVAC unit is operating.

How Often?: Your smart thermostat’s programming will likely “learn” and adjust heating and cooling operations according to your manual usage/settings. When you sense the system running at odd times or improperly conditioning the air, inspect the thermostat’s programming and reset it if necessary.

#5 – Clean Your Garbage Disposal

Food and debris can get stuck in your garbage disposal with regular use. As that food decays, it can cause unpleasant aromas, while some debris may cause mechanical failure.

How Often?: You should inspect and clean your garbage disposal weekly or at least once every two weeks.

#6 – Clean Your Refrigerator Coils

Regular home maintenance includes cleaning refrigeration coils

Refrigerator coils help cool the fridge. When dirt and debris obstruct them, they can’t efficiently release the heat. Cleaning your refrigerator’s coils will help keep it running more efficiently and can significantly extend its life.

How Often?: You should clean your refrigerator coils every six months.

#7 – Clean Your Dryer Vent and Lint Trap

Lint can clog up your dryer’s exhaust, overheat your equipment, damage your clothing, and stop it from working. Keep things operating efficiently by regularly cleaning your dryer vent and lint trap.

How Often?: Ideally, you should inspect and clean your dryer’s lint trap before or after each use. The dryer vent should be professionally cleaned once annually.

#8 – Check All Water-Based Appliance Supply Hoses

Regular home maintenance includes regularly inspecting water supply hoses

Look for blisters in the hose, worn or kinked tubing, stress cracks, or a loose connection for any water-based appliance. Pooling water beneath or around the appliance strongly indicates that you have an issue.

How Often?: Check every other month for blisters, worn tubing, stress cracks, and loose connections. Even if there is no apparent problem, replace hoses and tubing every five years.

#9 – Flush Your Water Heater

A water heater can corrode and malfunction more quickly if not regularly flushed. The accumulated sediment can also obstruct or interfere with the pressure and relief valve (which helps prevent your water heater from flooding your home or exploding).

How Often?: You should schedule maintenance and flush your water heater at least once annually.

#10 – Check Your Smoke and Carbon Monoxide Detectors

Regular home maintenance includes checking smoke and carbon monoxide detectors

Smoke detectors are your first defense in escaping a fire’s ravages. If they do not work, you could lose your home or, worse, your family. Make sure they are well maintained and functioning properly.

How Often?: Test your detectors monthly (just press the test button).

#11 – Inspect Your Roof, Gutters, and Downspouts

A roof’s primary function is to protect people and their possessions from the elements (hail, rain, snow, wind, etc.).

How Often?: Your roof should be professionally inspected annually. However, you should also inspect your roof after any extreme weather event, like hail, snow, or wind, and look for any interior leaks.

Note: Such inspections can be included/covered by a roof maintenance program.

Bonus Tip – Know Where Utility and Power Shut-Offs are Located

Regular home maintenance includes knowing how to shut everything off in emergencies

In emergency situations, you must know how to turn off your house’s water, gas, or electric supply. It is a good idea to know where those shut-off mechanisms are located and how each works.

Home Maintenance Tips

In this article, you discovered simple preventative maintenance tips to help you keep your home appliances, fixtures, and structure in excellent condition.

Performing regular home maintenance will help you prevent significant malfunctions and costly repairs by detecting issues when they are minor and more easily corrected.

Not knowing or ignoring the need for regular home maintenance can result in appliance malfunctions, cause a flood, fire hazard, or costly structural damages.

Sources:
fyi.extension.wisc.edu/whpe/files/2010/01/Maintaining-Your-Home-2.0.pdf
massrealty.world.edu/2021/08/06/home-maintenance/
content.ces.ncsu.edu/preventive-home-maintenance-check-up

7 DIY Bathroom Update Ideas

Updating a bathroom includes installing shelf space and painting cabinets

Don’t let your rundown or outdated bathroom cause you shame and embarrassment. Knowing how to make simple updates and improvements to your bathroom can turn a source of disappointment into a place of tranquility and warmth.

domestic-construction.com gathered the following DIY information, ideas, and tips on how to easily update your stale or outdated bathroom.

Bathroom Updates

With frequent, sustained exposure to water, moisture, and humidity, even the best-quality bathroom fixtures eventually give in to such problems as mold, mildew, rot, decay, and rust. Over time, colors, patterns, and designs can also fall out of fashion or fade. One of the best areas, second to your kitchen, to update in your home are your bathrooms. Consider the following DIY updates to repair and modernize your bathroom.

1. DIY Vanity Upgrade

Replacing your vanity instantly changes a bathroom’s look. Shop for vanity combos with an installed countertop and sink for a less-costly update. Carefully repainting your existing vanity in a bold shade or pattern is another way to save considerable money.

2. Hang Wallpaper

Transform your bathroom with bold floral wallpaper. This is an efficient way to create a chic, upscale appearance at an affordable price tag. Select peel-and-stick wallpaper to put up a fast and dramatic change while saving even more on your DIY bathroom update. Add detail to the finished look by installing gold fixtures, hardware, accessories, and trim.

Tip: Use Deep colored wallpaper with brightcolored, large floral designs. The idea is to make a beautiful impact otherwise lost in solid colors and smaller patterns.

3. Replace Light Fixtures

Updating a bathroom includes changing the lighting

Spruce up your bathroom by changing your dated light fixture for a new and dramatic one. Glass or mirrored accents give bathroom light fixtures alluring sparkle (especially in smaller spaces). For a more romantic or subdued look, consider changing incandescent lighting for soft LED bulbs, strip lights, and backlighting.

Tip: Consider installing multiple light sources, including direct and indirect lighting.

4. Paint Bathroom Cabinetry

Paint or refinish cabinets for a quick, easy, and affordable bathroom update. Another inexpensive way to update your bathroom includes installing new cabinetry or shelving that matches your existing cabinets, creating a unified and organized appearance.

Tip: When painting bathroom cabinets or fixtures, use acrylic (water-based) or alkyd (oil-based) paints. Either option holds up well in a bathroom environment while providing years of vibrant color (when painting with oil-based paint, ensure the space is well-ventilated and the paint has 24 to 48 hours to completely dry).

5. Replace Plumbing Fixtures and Accessories

Updating a bathroom includes changing fixtures

Faucets, spouts, handles, diverters, and handheld shower heads can all be swapped out with more modern, up-to-date models in silver, brass, copper, gold, glass, or acrylic models. Consider getting matching hardware for your cabinet/vanity knobs and hinges when making this fixture update.

Tip: Cleaning and maintaining your tub or shower stall is significantly more convenient with a handheld sprayer. It makes rinsing debris, hair, and cleaning products more manageable.

6. Add a Medicine Cabinet

A medicine cabinet will fit nicely between wall studs above your bathroom sink, adding significant storage space and style to your bathroom. Include a mirror behind the shelving to brighten the interior and make your belongings easier to see.

Tip: You can use vintage glassware to keep items like cotton swabs, toothbrushes, and makeup brushes neatly arranged.

7. Hang a New Shower Curtain

Updating a bathroom includes adding new shower curtains

Patterned or brightly colored fabric curtain panels can substitute typical shower curtains to give your bathroom a sleek touch that’s easy and budget-friendly (use two panels so your shower curtain can open from the middle). Pair your fabric panels with a clear plastic shower liner to protect your panels from water, soap, and shampoo splatters.

Tip: If your bathtub has become worn or stained, consider having it professionally refinished (the process is quite simple and relatively inexpensive).

BONUS Idea – Replace Towel Racks

You can replace your standard towel racks and toilet paper holders with more modern and sturdier pieces. You can make them yourself if you are handy with a saw, drill, and screwdriver.

Note: If you make your own fixtures, you can determine the length of the rack (to hold more or fewer towels) and even create shelf space above the rack as part of the same fixture.

Bathroom Update Ideas

In this article, you discovered do-it-yourself ideas, notes, and tips to help you easily update your bathroom without spending a lot of money.

Updating your bathroom’s fixtures, furniture, and decor will transform it into a welcoming, practical, and comfortable space in your home.

Ignoring the need to update your bathroom can lead to plumbing malfunctions and embarassment, as your decor falls out of fashion.

Sources:
scf.usc.edu/~mcright/itp104/finalproject/bath.html
fcs-hes.ca.uky.edu/sites/fcs-hes.ca.uky.edu/files/hf-lra.154.pdf

11 Ideas that Increase Your Home’s Curb Appeal

There are many ways to increase a propertys curb appeal like planting trees and painting

Don’t leave money on the table and settle for lower offers when selling because your curb appeal is lacking. Knowing how your home’s curb appeal can negatively influence its value will help motivate you to make it cleaner, sleeker, cozier, and more inviting to prospective buyers.

domestic-construction.com gathered the following information and tips on how to raise your home’s value by increasing its curb appeal.

What is Curb Appeal

Curb appeal is your residential or commercial property’s exterior attractiveness, as viewed from the street. The term was introduced and exhaustively used in the United States during the housing boom and persists as an indicator of the initial allure or appeal of a property to prospective buyers.

An elevated curb appeal helps sell a home more quickly, and for significantly more money because of the initial positive impact it has on buyers. Consider the following home upgrades and modifications that can substantially elevate your home’s curb appeal:

1. Plant Ornamental Trees

Trees add dimensional levels and splashes of color to your yard’s design with little maintenance required. Small trees are straightforward to trim and you could choose a boxwood shrub or Juniper tree to sculpt into a head-turning topiary.

2. Flourishing Greenery

There are many ways to increase a propertys curb appeal like planting grass bushes and trees

Beautiful front yards don’t necessarily need meticulously designed flower gardens. Shrubs, grasses, trees, and ornamentals can create a welcoming space like walking into a forest. Occasional watering and seasonal pruning are what these landscapes need to thrive.

Tip: Seasonally refresh any mulch or gravel you use around your trees and garden

3. Flower Appeal

Flower beds add splashes of color and flowing texture to your landscaping. Plant companion flower beds around trees and other features for a simple and striking finish. Extensive flower beds with flowing edges and shapes create depth.

Tip: Start a container garden on your porch for a beautiful and mobile garden feature.

4. Install Landscape Lighting

There are many ways to increase a propertys curb appeal like landscape lighting

Landscape lighting can illuminate the best features of your yard while adding shape, depth, and dimension. Line your walkways for decor and safety, and hang string lights on your patio for late-night entertaining and dining.

Installing walkway, perimeter, and garden lighting highlights your front yard’s features and makes your home more welcoming or inviting. Light up a specimen tree, your front porch, or a nicely pruned row of shrubs. Angle a spotlight toward the canopy of a sprawling tree to add depth to your lighting design.

Tip: Choose solar lights to eliminate any electrical wiring and significantly save on your utility bills.

5. Replace Gutters and Downspouts

Dented or peeling gutters and downspouts make a horrible impression on would-be buyers. Perk up the appearance of your home while guaranteeing the diversion of rainwater from your roofing system with updated gutters and downspouts.

6. Repair or Replace Your Roofing System

The home’s roof is typically one of the deciding factors when closing its sale. Buyers tend to shy away from homes in need of significant or expensive roof repairs. A leaking roofing system is often responsible for causing costly structural damages requiring extensive repairs. A new or repaired roof looks good and increases the home’s curb appeal, and adds a firm sense of security to your home.

Note: Your roofing system’s integrity carries considerable weight when your home is evaluated for its true market value.

Tip: The value of an existing or new roofing system is considered “hard equity” and can be added to the home’s overall value.

7. Repaint Your Home

One of the fastest and easiest ways to clean up a home’s appearance is to give it a fresh, vibrant coat of paint. Painting affords you the opportunity to:

  • Change the home’s color scheme
  • Highlight interesting exterior features
  • Clean up its exterior
  • Find and fix exterior damages or irregularities
  • Modernize the home’s appearance

Note: Small structural defects are often only found when preparing to repaint.

Tip: Repainting your home can have one of the most significant impacts on its curb appeal.

8. Install a Fence

There are many ways to increase a propertys curb appeal like installing a picket fence

The classic picket fence always makes a house feel like a home. Install partial or complete fencing to outline your yard and add some “old-school” charm to your home. A smaller fence is excellent for defining flower beds or the lawn’s edges.

9. Porch and Patio Cleanliness

Power-wash your porch and patio, and don’t forget to remove debris from between wood boards. Add a protective weather sealant if your deck is due for a new coating and retouch as necessary or repaint the whole patio for a refreshed appearance.

10. Refresh or Replace Your Outdoor Furniture

There are many ways to increase a propertys curb appeal like replacing outdoor furniture

Any outdoor furniture that’s old, faded, and in need of repair should be thrown out or updated. A coat of spray paint on porch benches or outdoor seating can quickly give it new life.

11. Replace Your Mailbox

If you have a mailbox bordering the street, replace it when it starts looking old. A new mailbox and a post price are insignificant when leveraged against the potential gains. When you install a new mailbox, make sure you follow regulations set forth by the United States Post Office.

Curb Appeal

In this article, you discovered information and tips on increasing your home’s curb appeal sub sequentially raising its overall market value.

Knowing how a cleaner, sharper, and brighter curb appeal can influence your home’s value should motivate you to constantly seek landscape and home improvements.

Ignoring your home’s visual appearance will lead to a shabby, unattractive look with low curb appeal and a significant decrease in its market value.

Sources:
gardeningsolutions.ifas.ufl.edu/design/outdoor-living/curb-appeal.html
newswire.caes.uga.edu/story/5761/curb-appeal.html
sfyl.ifas.ufl.edu/media/sfylifasufledu/pinellas/lawn-and-garden/Curb-Appeal.pdf

How To Build a Sunroom – What You Need to Know

Steps for building a sunroom include floor wall roof and window installation

Avoid letting valuable space on your property go unused. Knowing the value and advantages of building a sunroom will help you create a versatile space that can increase your home’s value.

domestic-construction.com gathered the following information on how to build a sunroom and answered some frequently asked questions.

Steps for Building a Sunroom

Before leveling the ground or setting the first post, verify the proper building or land disturbance permits required to legally build your new sunroom. Avoiding this step may result in costly fines and the forced removal of your work. The following will help you build a sunroom:

Steps for building a sunroom begin with obtaining a permit

Step 1 – Remove any obstructions and clean the area. Also, make sure that the grade slopes away from the house.

Note: Your city will likely have regulations on the required grade angle, so you should check with them.

Tip: Your floorplans should already include your sunroom’s power source, electrical wiring, and any water fixtures or plumbing to be installed.

Step 2 – Set your support posts or lay the framework for your concrete foundation.

Step 3 – Calculate joist heights and flooring and adjust the height of the support beams so your flooring will end up even with the existing home’s flooring. Bolt the brackets to the support beams.

Step 4 – Frame the floor. Your municipality will stipulate what size of lumber is required for the framing.

Step 5 – Attach screening to the bottom of the joists (if building an elevated flooring structure) to keep mice from getting into the insulation from underneath.

Step 6 – Install floor insulation and vapor barrier.

Step 7 – Attach your sub-flooring to the joists with flooring screws.

Step 8 – Build the walls. When building the walls, remember that The windows’ rough openings should be one inch larger than the windows, so you are left with a half inch on every side to adjust the windows later.

Steps for building a sunroom include putting in walls with window openings

After the walls are framed, fasten the sheeting to the outside. Put a foam gasket between the external wall of the existing house and the stud that is touching it. Put bolts through that stud to attach it to the studs of the existing home.

Tip: Spray insulation foam between the exterior wall and the stud to completely seal the gap.

Step 9 – Install your ridge board or roof support. Calculate the roof’s slope and mark the outline of the roof on the existing house. Cut away the siding, paneling, or whatever material is on the outside of the house down to the sheeting.

Step 10 – Use your municipality’s building code guidelines to determine rafter size, spacing, and attachment requirements. Attach the rafters.

Step 11 – Lay the roof deck, insulation, moisture barrier, shingles, and flashing. Pay particular attention to the flashing installed where the sunroom’s roofing system meets the home. This should be 90-degree flashing installed above the sunroom’s shingles and behind the home’s siding.

Step 12 – Use house wrap around the sunroom’s exterior for wind and moisture protection.

Step 13 – Install your windows, door, and steps (if elevated).

Step 14 – Install interior drywall and mudding. Measure, cut, and put up the drywall and mud the joints, cracks, and screw holes.

Step 15 – Add the sunroom’s exterior siding, facia, and soffit.

Step 16 – Paint or finish the interior walls and install any plugs, switches, and lights.

Step 17 – Install, seal, and paint the trim around your windows and door.

Step 18 – Install the flooring, move your furniture in, and start enjoying your brand new sunroom.

Steps for building a sunroom include wall window and floor installations

How Much Does it Cost to Build a Sunroom?

Building a sunroom addition to your home can cost as little as $10,000 and reach as much as $81,000+. This may not account for price increases due to supply chain shortages and material availability.

Note: Sunroom building costs may fluctuate depending on which features and add-ons you want to be included.

Can a Sunroom be Used as a Bedroom?

Technically, yes. You can turn your sunroom into a bedroom, but you’ll need to have proper heating and cooling systems installed if you want optimal temperature year-round.

Can a Sunroom be Built on a Concrete Patio?

The quick answer is yes. However, it must meet any requirements established in your municipality’s building codes.

Note: Most concrete patios are only about 4″ thick (the same as a regular sidewalk).

Building a Sunroom

Even if you have experience in the construction/building field, hire a contractor to help you navigate permit requirements, oversee your blueprints/designs, and attain the best quality building material for your investment.

Sunroom Construction

In this article, you discovered information and tips on how to build a sunroom and answers to some frequently asked questions.

Building a sunroom extension to your home can increase its usable space, create more curb appeal, and significantly increase the home’s value.

Ignoring the opportunity to build a sunroom will leave valuable space on your property unused and leave your home lagging behind in value and modernism.

Sources:
crownroundtable.org/build-a-sunroom/
homequestionsanswered.com/what-is-a-sunroom.htm
remodelingcalculator.org/sunroom-addition-cost/
homestead.org/homesteading-construction/building-a-sunroom-using-recycled-materials/

Best Real Estate Investing Platforms

Online real estate investing requires using an established platform that fits your investment profile

Avoid choosing the wrong platform and tying up your hard earned cash in the wrong real estate investment. Knowing how to diversify your portfolio with real estate through an investment platform can allow you into real estate faster with less capital invested.

domestic-construction.com gathered the following information about real estate crowdfunding sites and how you can start diversifying your portfolio in the market.

What is Real Estate Crowdfunding?

Online real estate investing requires using a platform like crowdstreet

Real Estate crowdfunding is a relatively new concept that allows real estate developers and companies to obtain investments from an entirely new class of investors. Real estate crowdfunding allows you to pool your money on an online platform with others to purchase property (or a share of it) as a group. This investment method offers a compelling way to diversify your assets by tapping into real estate investments.

Is Real Estate Crowdfunding Legitimate?

Is real estate crowdfunding a legal activity? Yes. Pooling investor money to invest in real estate has legally existed for many decades. Before online investing platforms came along, it was called “syndication.”

Note: Before 2012, it was limited to friends and family and was not allowed to be online.

How Much Should I Invest in Real Estate Crowdfunding?

Online real estate investing requires using a platform like fundrise

When choosing from the many real estate crowdfunding platforms, one requirement to be carefully considered is their minimum investment amount. While some platforms require a minimum investment of $500, others may require minimum investments of up to $100,000.

Is Real Estate Crowdfunding Risky?

Yes and no. You will rarely find a “risk-free” investment. When it comes to real estate crowdfunding, there is a risk that the real estate crowdfunding platform could cease operation (most of these platforms are not cash flow positive). If the platform does shut down, your investments should be protected. The platform’s investors do not possess a lien on your investments in your real estate deals.

Real Estate Crowdfunding Platforms

Online real estate investing requires using a platform like diversyfund

The following comparison looks at the pros and cons of Crowdstreet, Fundrise, and DiversyFund for you to make informed decisions on where and how to invest your resources in real estate.

 

Crowdstreet

Fundrise

DiversyFund

Years in Operation:

Launched in 2014

Launched in 2012

Launched in 2014

Wesite:

crowdstreet.com

fundrise.com

diversyfund.com

Contact:

pr@crowdstreet.com

(202) 584-0550

(858) 430-8528

Minimum Initial Investment*:

$25,000

$10

$500

Minimum Required Investment Time:

3 years

5 years

3-5 years

Service/Maintenance Fees:

0.50% to 2.5%

1%

2%

Offering Types:

Debt, Equity, Preferred Equity, Direct Ownership

Electronic Real Estate Funds, Fundrise IPOs, and Self-Directed IRAs

REITs**

Best Investor Environment for:

Accredited investors

Nonaccredited Investors

Nonaccredited Investors

Promotion:

None (*check website for updates)

12 month Advisory fee waiver

None (*check website for updates)

*What is a minimum initial investment? A minimum investment is the smallest dollar or share quantity that an investor can purchase when investing in a specific security, fund, or opportunity.

**What is a REIT? Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) are companies that own or finance income-producing real estate in various property sectors. Most REITs trade on stock exchanges and offer a number of enticing benefits to investors.

What qualifies you as an accredited investor? 

The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) defines an accredited investor as either: an individual with a gross income exceeding $200,000 in the two most recent years or joint income (with a spouse or partner) exceeding $300,000 for those same years and a reasonable expectation of the same income in the current year. 

For more reading about accredited and non-accredited investors and their limitations, visit, sec.gov/oiea/investor-alerts-bulletins/ib_crowdfunding-.html

Real Estate Investing on Crowdfunding Platforms

In this article, you discovered investment information, details, and requirements for three of the best real estate crowdfunding platforms.

Investing on a real estate crowdfunding platform will help you diversify your financial portfolio without running the typical risks found on the stock market.

Ignoring the opportunity to invest in real estate on secure crowdfunding sites will leave your portfolio more vulnerable to market fluctuations and financial insecurity.

Sources:

blog.realestate.cornell.edu/2019/03/11/alternative-financing-real-estate-crowdfunding/
sec.gov/node/172921
investor.gov/introduction-investing/general-resources/news-alerts/alerts-bulletins/investor-bulletins/updated-3
forbes.com/companies/fundrise

What Happens During a Home Inspection

Home inspections give a general oversight of a homes condition

Avoid being left with excessive repair costs after purchasing a new property, or not knowing what happens during a home inspection. Understanding the purpose of a home inspection will help you follow it along and fully understand the resulting report.

domestic-construction.com gathered the following information about home inspections, why they are so crucial, and what to expect from them.

What is a Home Inspection?

A home inspection is a limited, non-invasive, but thorough examination of a home’s condition. Such an inspection typically occurs in connection with the sale of the house or after a renovation. Home inspections are generally conducted by a trained, certified, and often licensed home inspector.

What do Home Inspectors Look for?

Home inspections include floor wall roof and gutter conditions

According to the American Society of Home Inspectors (ASHI), here’s a list of what a certified home inspector will examine:

  • Heating system
  • Central air conditioning system (temperature permitting)
  • Interior plumbing and electrical systems
  • Walls
  • Ceilings
  • Floors
  • Roof and rain gutters
  • Attic, including visible insulation
  • Windows and doors
  • Foundation
  • Basement
  • Structural components

Note: There may be some exceptions to a home inspection. If the home has inaccessible areas or displays unsafe conditions, the inspector will document and explain the situation, noting that they were unable to assess that specific area, item, or system.

How Much do Home Inspections Cost?

When purchasing a home, the last thing you want is another expense. However, this expense can save you a lot of money and may dissuade you from purchasing the home.

Professional home inspections typically start at $400 from a reputable company (average 2,000-square-foot home). The price can easily increase to $500 or $600 (or more) if you have a larger home or will require additional inspections like structural water damage, mold, or termite, which are not commonly included.

Note: Who pays for the inspection is an item for negotiation. Usually, the buyer will foot the bill for a professional home inspection. However, some buyers will insist that the seller pays for it upon making an offer.

How Long do Home Inspections Last?

Multiple factors can influence a home inspection’s duration, including its size, age, and general property condition. Typically, a home inspection will take between 2 and 4 hours. Smaller homes may take less time to complete, and older or larger homes may take longer.

The home inspection is relatively fast in comparison to the emission of the resulting report. This is why it is highly recommended to schedule an appointment with a home inspector soon after signing a purchase contract so you’ll receive the report before expiring the termination option period.

Should a Homebuyer be Present During an Inspection?

It is not required for the homebuyer to be present for a home inspection. However, it is highly recommended that the homebuyer attend the inspection so they can absorb the most information and value from it.

This allows homebuyers to observe the inspector in action and ask real-time questions throughout the process. Homebuyers, in general, find that talking with their inspector gives them a better understanding of the home’s condition.

What Fixes are Mandatory after a Home Inspection?

Home inspections typically result in repair and replacement work

None. Legally, there are no mandatory repairs after a home inspection. That doesn’t mean that sellers can simply dismiss a home inspection or refuse to pay for requested repairs and damages and still expect the home’s sale to proceed.

In short, a home inspection allows a homeowner to polish their presentation and gives a potential buyer the opportunity to make an informed decision on whether or not to proceed with the purchase.

Tip: After the home inspection is complete, work with your real estate agent to understand what items you could assume responsibility for and on what items you will want the homeowner to correct.

Can a Home Fail an Inspection?

No. However, it may dissuade a potential buyer from committing to its purchase. A home inspection is a professional examination and objective assessment of a house’s current condition.

A home inspector is not charged with giving the house a pass or fail grade. They will, however, detail its overall physical condition and point out what components and systems may require immediate or impending repair or replacement.

Note: A home inspection is not an appraisal and will not determine the home’s market value. It is also not to be confused with a municipal inspection and does not verify any local code violations or compliances.

Home Inspection

In this article, you discovered essential information about home inspections, how much they cost, what they look for, and how they can influence the purchase of a home.

Knowing how home inspections are conducted and what they look for will help you come to educated decisions on whether or not to purchase a home.

Ignoring the findings of a home inspection may result in your purchasing a home with costly and severe system or structural issues.

Sources:
homeinspector.org
consumerfinance.gov/owning-a-home/close/schedule-home-inspection/
hud.gov/sites/documents/92564-CN.PDF
ncrec.gov/Brochures/Print/HomeInspectionsPrint.pdf

12 Inexpensive Ways to Update Your Home

When updating or renovating your home changing the decor is an inexpensive choice

Avoid being embarrassed by an out-of-date, rundown, old-looking home. Knowing how to inexpensively update your home will help keep it looking fresh and inviting without breaking the bank.

domestic-construction.com gathered the following information, tips, and suggestions to help you make simple and inexpensive updates in your home (even while on a strict budget).

1. Paint Your Front Door

When updating or renovating your home painting your front door is an inexpensive choice

A home’s front door is typically the first thing people see and judge when entering it. Make an impression with a bright, contrasting, welcoming front door color.

Tip: Be sure to choose paint made for outdoor use.

2. Paint Your Rooms

Give your stained, faded, and washed-out walls new life by painting them a new and refreshing color or tone.

Tip: Go to your local home improvement store, where you can pick up color tabs and booklets that help you visualize your project (they are supplied by the paint manufacturer and should be free).

3. Light up Your Porch or Patio

When updating or renovating your home hanging patio lights is an inexpensive choice

When hung over a patio, porch, or backyard, string “cafe” lights can instantly convert an outdoor space into a new destination spot, simultaneously increasing your home’s usable square footage. This new space proves valuable when entertaining or in the summer months when evenings are ideal for outdoor activities.

Tip: Use colored lighting during holiday seasons and celebrations.

4. Hang New Drapery

Your home can look bigger and feel instantly more luxurious by hanging floor-length drapes. You can accomplish this by elevating your curtain rod 6″ to 12″ above the window frame (or go all the way to the ceiling) and extend your curtain rod horizontally 3″ to 6″ past the window frame on either side.

Tip: Your curtains should puddle slightly or just graze the floor for a professionally installed appearance.

5. Swap Out Your Doorknobs

When updating or renovating your home changing your door knobs is an inexpensive choice

Is your home showing its age with dated doorknobs? Swapping them out for new ones can add up quickly but can last for decades, making them a good investment. While you’re at it, don’t forget to install matching hinges and latches.

Tip: If your budget restricts you to one or two at a time, consider painting them until you can afford to replace them.

6. Change Your Shower Curtain

Swapping out your shower curtain can make the greatest visual impact for little money. Choose a bold new color, display your favorite scenery or cartoon character, or large floral designs.

Tip: For larger tubs or “wrap around” tubs, use curtains on each side of it, opening in the middle.

7. Replace Switch and Outlet Covers

When updating or renovating your home upgrading switch and outlet covers is an inexpensive choice

With time, switch and outlet covers get stained, scratched, and broken. You can easily replace them and add a subtle look of rejuvenation to each of your rooms.

Tip: You can save money by removing, cleaning, and painting switch and outlet covers (just make sure they are completely dry before re-installing them).

8. Rejuvenate Old or Worn Furniture

While you are looking at reupholstering or purchasing new furniture, you can give your sofas and chairs a quick upgrade by draping them in blankets and throw pillows.

9. Add Plants to Your Decor

When updating or renovating your home using house plants is an inexpensive choice

A group of thriving, green plants can add instant style to any space. When potted in showy containers and arranged on colorful, multilevel stands, your plants can become the focal point of the room they occupy.

Tip: Most plants thrive in sunny and humid locations. Consider placing them near windows and in sun-filled bathrooms.

10. Install Under-Cabinet Lighting

Instantly alter the ambiance in your kitchen by installing lighting under your cabinets. LED puck lights are inexpensive, super easy to install, and can last for years without inconvenient burnouts.

Tip: If your cabinets do not go all the way to the ceiling, consider lighting up the tops of your cabinets too.

11. Increase Your Home’s Curb Appeal

When updating or renovating your home increasing curb appeal is an inexpensive choice

The front area of your house is the first thing everyone sees(including potential buyers), so make sure it’s clean and welcoming. Add plants to the porch or along the entryway, power wash walkways, install solar-powered walkway/garden lighting, and paint the front door (see #1).

Tip: Have your trees and shrubs pruned and shaped annually to maintain a sharp appearance while promoting tree and shrub health.

12. Upgrade Your Faucets

When updating or renovating your home upgrading faucets is an inexpensive choice

Changing or painting your faucets and handles can add an instant feel of renewal to any sink, tub, or shower stall. Upgrading faucets and handles also gives you an opportunity to evaluate and consider refurbishing or replacing the sinks, tubs, and basins they flow into.

Tip: Periodically check beneath sinks and tubs to detect any water leaks before causing any structural or cosmetic damages.

How do you update an outdated house?

In this article, you discovered multiple ways, tips, and suggestions on how to quickly and inexpensively update your home.

Knowing how to improve your home’s appearance by making subtle changes can keep your living space fresh and, in some cases, increase your home’s curb appeal.

Ignoring subtle but powerful improvements and updates can leave you in a dated, rundown-looking, embarrassment of a home.

Sources:
nyiad.edu/design-articles/personal-style/30-day-interior-makeover-challenge
scalar.usc.edu/works/hq/innovative-tips-to-remake-your-old-bathroom
howtobuildit.org/18-amazing-diy-home-upgrades/

Commercial Property Maintenance and Care Tips

Commercial building property maintenance

You can prevent breakdowns and major unexpected repair expenses for your commercial property. With regular property maintenance, inspections, and care, you can keep your property functioning at its peak while maintaining a pristine appearance year-round.

domestic-construction.com gathered information on commercial property maintenance and provides pro care tips for property managers and owners.

Roofing Maintenance and Care for Commercial Buildings

The roof over your structure should keep the outside elements outside. Thus, protecting the structure, the assets within it, and its occupants. According to Atlanta Commercial Roofing Contractors, whether your roof is brand new or requires maintenance, the following steps should be taken:

Establish a starting point by having the roof inspected. Contract a professional roofing contractor to evaluate the integrity of the following:

Commercial building roofing maintenance and services

• Roofing material
• Flashing
• Drains
• Gutters
• Penetrations
• Walkways
• Equipment
• Load capacity

Make sure that you are provided with written and digital (photo/video) documentation of the roof’s condition and needed repairs. This documentation serves to hold your roofing contractor responsible for their work or lack thereof.

Tip: You can extend the life of your roofing system by several years with a maintenance program. This program should include two inspections/evaluations per year, and both light and medium repairs.

Tree Maintenance and Care for Commercial Properties

If the landscape around your commercial building includes trees, their maintenance is of the utmost importance. The last thing you need is for a diseased, dying or dead tree to fall on your building.

To keep your trees in good health, contract a professional tree service to provide the following:

Commercial building tree maintenance and services

• Annual tree and landscape inspections
• Tree mulching and fertilization
• Tree pruning in the fall
• Crown thinning when needed
• Disease and infestation treatment
• Tree removal when necessary
• Emergency tree removal for dangerous or fallen trees

Treatment and/or tree removal should be considered immediately upon the detection of an infestation or disease to avoid spreading it to other trees or neighboring properties.

Tip: A tree’s best defense is its health. By ensuring your trees are watered, mulched, fertilized, and pruned correctly, you are giving them most of what they require to thrive.

Plumbing Maintenance and Care for Commercial Buildings

Avoid plumbing malfunctions, potential flooding, and expensive repairs by doing preventative plumbing maintenance, and having your entire plumbing system checked annually for the following:

Commercial building plumbing services

• Leaks
• High/Low water pressure
• Clogged Drains
• Dripping faucets
• Malfunctioning toilets
• Defective/Worn hot water hoses

Between inspections, any signs of leaking pipes, connections, or faulty appliances should be addressed immediately. Some of those signs include:

• Discolored streaks down the wall
• Wet spots on the ceiling or wall
• Pooling water on the floor around or beneath appliances or water connections
• Slow drainage in sinks and toilets
• Constant hissing sound in the wall

Water leaks can cause immense and catastrophic flooding if left unchecked, including severe structural damage to the building and its amenities.

HVAC Maintenance and Care for Commercial Buildings

Climate control within commercial buildings requires machinery that must operate throughout the entire day, every day. Depending on the nature of the business, that machinery may need to function 24 hours per day, seven days per week.

Commercial HVAC systems should receive service/maintenance on a biannual basis at a minimum. Additional service that focuses on specific aspects of the system can improve efficiency and reduce operational costs, including:

Commercial building HVAC unit

• Checking thermostat settings
• Lubrication of all moving parts
• Tightening all electrical connections
• Inspection of the condensation drain
• Inspect and test the controls of the system

The heating system should be serviced every fall before the unit’s most significant time of use. The unit’s cooling system should be serviced in the spring.

Tip: When servicing the HVAC unit, have the building’s exhaust/ventilation system evaluated as well. This is also a perfect time to have all air filters replaced throughout your building.

Alarm and Evacuation Tests for Commercial Buildings

Depending on the municipality your commercial building is located in, you may be required to have your fire alarms inspected and conduct evacuation drills one or more times per year. During an evacuation drill, the Fire Marshall will likely conduct an inspection of your building looking for the following:

Commercial property safety equipment

• Are your fire extinguishers current with their inspection date?
• Are your fire alarms up to code and properly inspected?
• Are your building’s exits free of obstruction and functioning properly?
• Are your exit signs functioning properly?
• Do your emergency lights activate and function properly?
• Is there a Knox box outside of your building? (This box contains keys to the building for emergency services)
• Are the building’s electrical panels easy to access and unobstructed?
• Are you within the building’s occupant load or maximum capacity? (This violation can carry severe penalties)
• Are your sprinklers, valves, and control systems in good condition and unobstructed?
• Are extension cords being appropriately used throughout your business?
• Is your evacuation plan updated, tested, and approved by the Fire Marshall?

Tip: Designate one of your managers to create a fire and hazard safety team to conduct monthly inspections and corrections. By creating this team, you are proactively keeping your building aligned with local ordinances and safety codes.

Maintenance and Care for Commercial Property

In this article, you discovered valuable information and pro tips about commercial property maintenance and care.

By contracting outside service providers to keep your building, amenities, and landscape operating at peak performance, you are preventing small issues from developing into significant problems.

By neglecting routine maintenance on your commercial property, you are leaving yourself exposed to machinery failure, plumbing issues, structural damages, among other expensive repairs and potential code violations.

Sources:
energystar.gov/campaign/heating_cooling/maintenance_checklist
permapier.com/blog/7-commercial-property-maintenance-tips/
fireline.com/blog/fire-marshall-look-inspection/

Renovate vs. Remodel – What’s The Difference

difference of remodeling and renovating your property

Avoid being assessed penalties and fines when you want to renovate or remodel your property. By knowing the difference and implications of renovating vs. remodeling, you can make informed decisions when it’s time to upgrade your property.

domestic-construction.com gathered the following information to help you determine whether you need to remodel or renovate and what each one entails.

The Definition of Renovate

To renovate a room, house, or building is the process of restoring it to a good state of repair. During a renovation, rooms and other spaces maintain their structure and essential purpose. The following are activities that may take place during a renovation:

contractor replacing hardwood floors

• Refinishing walls and/or ceilings
• Painting
• Structural repairs
• Carpeting or flooring repairs and replacement

Renovation can be defined as restoring or repairing an existing structure without altering the function of the space being renovated.

The Definition of Remodel

To remodel a room, house, or building is the process of improving, transforming, or altering the purpose of the existing layout and design of that space. The following activities may occur during a remodel:

wood studs during home bedroom remodel

• Transforming a garage into a bedroom
• Making a bedroom into a home office
• Relocating a sink or toilet to optimize bathroom space
• Adding wheelchair access features to entryways
• Structural changes

While a renovation keeps the existing structure and purpose, a remodel changes or transforms it into something else.

Which Is Cheaper – A Renovation or A Remodel?

Typically, a renovation is much cheaper than a remodel. Here’s why:

Renovations – A renovation in many cases can occur as a DIY project or one that requires little material or labor.

roofing contractor performing roof replacement

Roof replacements are very expensive and considered a renovation project because the design and function are not changed. Permits are required, however, since the poor installation of a roof can cause significant damage to the property’s structure.

Another example of an expensive renovation requiring a permit is the replacement of rotting wood within the structure of the property. Since the purpose of the structure is not being altered, this is considered a renovation.

Remodeling – Remodeling projects are much more involved, as they may include changing the physical structure of the property. When remodeling, wiring, ductwork, and plumbing must often be reconfigured to serve the new layout/format of the structure. The following are expenses that increase the cost of a remodel:

floor plan blueprint for a home remodel

• Professional labor (Always verify the credentials of contractors)
• Higher material cost
• Permit application fees
• Creation of new (updated) blueprints and floor plan

Remodeling almost always requires that you apply for a permit while renovating seldom does. An example of a renovation requiring a permit is a roof replacement.

Tip: Before beginning any renovation or remodeling project, evaluate the cost by getting quotes from contractors or researching material costs. With this knowledge, you can spread projects out over time (according to your budget) and avoid incomplete or unfinished work.

Pros And Cons of Renovations And Remodels

While gaining extra space or updating your property may seem like an excellent investment, there are some pros and cons to take into consideration:

Pros of Renovating:

new fixtures in kitchen renovation

• Updated appearance
• Fix structural problems
• Updated fixtures
• Inexpensive (in most cases)
• Many renovations can be DIY projects
• Can increase curb appeal
• May increase the value of your property
• Renovations are generally tax-deductible

Cons of Renovating:

• Most renovations are cosmetic in nature and may hide more significant issues
• Some renovations can come close to, or equal the property value (roof replacement and extensive structural damage repair)
• Increasing your property value may cause property insurance premiums to increase

Pros of Remodeling:

• You get to reconfigure or redesign your space the way you want
• If you create office or workspace, this new or repurposed space may qualify as a business tax write-off
• May increase the value of your property
• Most remodeling projects are tax-deductible

Cons of Remodeling:

home building permit for remodeling

• Can be substantially more expensive than a renovation
• Almost always requires a building or construction permit
• Construction may last for weeks (or longer in some cases)
• Increasing your property value may cause property insurance premiums to increase

Note: If your intent is to increase your property value, beware of the investment you make. In the majority of renovations and remodels, the increase in property value is substantially less than the amount invested in the upgrade.

Tip: Hire a property appraiser to inspect and evaluate your property’s value before renovating or remodeling. Then inquire about which areas of property improvement offer the best ROI (Return On Investment). With this information, you can prioritize which projects to invest in.

Tip: Visit your city’s website or call them to inquire about their permitting procedure and application cost.

Renovate or Remodel

decide to remodel or renovate your property

In this article, you discovered differences between a renovation and a remodel, their financial implications, and their pros and cons.

By knowing the difference between a renovation and a remodel, you can better communicate with and direct the work of contractors working on your property.

When you initiate a project including remodeling without knowing what is needed, you may be subjecting yourself to substantial penalties and fines imposed by your city’s building authority.

Sources:
consumerreports.org/home-improvement/home-renovation-without-aggravation/
bobvila.com/articles/renovation-vs-remodel/
realsimple.com/home-organizing/home-improvement/renovation-vs-remodel-definition

Happy Hearts Fund Mexico

interior decor structureDec 2012

For the Happy Hearts Fund Land of Dreams: Mexico Gala, Domestic Construction transformed the space to allow guests to experience the sights of Mexico. Featuring a Chichen Itza, a jungle, a Mexican classroom, a replica of the underwater sculpture museum in Cancun, and a replica of the Soumaya Museum; it was an incredible and unique event. If you plan to replicate this install outdoors, bring these must have landscaping tools, you will need them for this install.

New York, NY

Happy Hearts Fund
http://www.happyheartsfund.org/

Event Produced by Empire Entertainment
http://www.empireentertainment.com/

Allison Chomer pattern

Allison ChomerAug 2012

Domestic Construction designed a pattern exclusively for fashion designer Allison Chomer’s Fall/Winter 2012 collection.

New York, New York

http://allisonchomer.com/

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